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Deep architectural comparison of rendering pipelines, memory footprints, startup latencies, and native interop mechanisms across modern mobile ecosystems.
| Framework | Rendering Layer | Native Interop | UI Target | Startup (TTI) | FPS Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
React Native (New Arch) JSI + Fabric | Fabric C++ Shadow Tree + Yoga | JSI C++ HostObjects (Direct Memory) | 100% Real OEM Native Views | Very Fast (~240ms via Hermes HBC) | 60 - 120 FPS |
Flutter Impeller + Dart AOT | Impeller GPU Shaders (Metal / Vulkan) | Dart FFI (Foreign Function Interface) | Own Canvas (Bypasses OEM Widgets) | Fast (~280ms) | 120 FPS rock-solid |
Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP) Shared Logic | Pure Native (SwiftUI & Jetpack Compose) | Native C/Objective-C LLVM Binaries | 100% Pure Native Platform Code | Native Speed (~100ms) | Native 120 FPS |
React Native (Legacy) Async Bridge | Legacy UIManager + Shadow Queue | Asynchronous JSON Message Bridge | OEM Native Views via Bridge | Slow (~1,200ms parse time) | 30 - 60 FPS (Stutters on heavy load) |
Capacitor / Cordova WebView Hybrid | Chromium / WebKit DOM Engine | WebView JavaScript PostMessage Bridge | HTML5 DOM Elements in WebView | Slowest (~1,800ms WebView warmup) | 30 - 60 FPS |