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Low-Level Design is the craft of organizing software into flexible, decoupled class hierarchies that remain easy to test, extend, and maintain as requirements evolve over years.
By assigning exactly one reason to change per class, systems achieve loose coupling and maximum unit test coverage with fast mocks.
Interchangeable strategy and state patterns eliminate brittle cyclomatic switch branching, enabling zero-regression feature additions.
High-level business rules never depend on low-level database or network drivers; both depend on stable abstract interfaces.
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